Saffron Background

Saffron cultivation has been recorded for over 3000 years. The wild saffron crocus was Crocus cartwrightianus. Human cultivators bred the saffron we are familiar with today by selecting saffron with unusually long stigmas, this way a sterile mutant form of C. cartwrightianus, C. sativus, emerged in late Bronze Age Crete. Saffron has been documented as having been used to treat over 90 different illnesses. Today saffron is mostly just used as a spice though it has been considered an anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, and sedative.